The blue curve is the exact Wright model for an illustrative line: C1 is $4.80 per case at one million cumulative cases, with b = 0.85. Every dot marks a doubling of cumulative output, and each one multiplies unit conversion cost by the same 0.85. For food manufacturing, that captures learning from steadier changeovers, better yields, and less labor per case — but not raw-material price changes. Scale lowers cost only when the process keeps what it learns.